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Anthropomorphic figurines, gynocentrism and Gimbutas’ reception inside archaeology and beyond
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Volume 47 (2021): Lietuvos archeologija, pp. 91–124
Julia Mattes  

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https://doi.org/10.33918/25386514-047005
Type: Article      Open accessOpen Access

Received
21 April 2021
Accepted
7 October 2021
Pub. online
31 December 2021
Pub. print
31 December 2021

Abstract

Gimbutas’ topicalisation of gynocentrism was of great significance in stimulating the study of figurines, influencing the humanities beyond archaeology, as well as a variety of international socio-political movements. The creations have a long tradition of being linked to fertility and suffer a predominantly onesided treatment in research. In this context, the intellectual history of the interpretation of prehistoric social living conditions is analysed, critically questioned and the extent to which historically evolved role models are present in past and recent research is examined. On the basis of selected examples, the methods of ethnological analogy and stylistic analysis are used to contribute to the interpretation of the decorations of the SE European Neolithic material. Additionally, an application-related interpretation is proposed for the Cucuteni-Tripolye figurines of the Poduri set. The second part addresses the impact history of Gimbutas’ opus. Regardless of the justified methodological criticism, its various imprints on e. g. ethnography, feminist studies, as well as outside academia will be acknowledged. The contributions profoundly inspired a variety of societal currents in the USA, Germany and post-socialist Lithuania.

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Keywords
Gimbutas Lithuania figurines tattoo body modification ancestors feminist movement

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