Journal:Lietuvos istorijos metraštis
Volume 2024, Issue 2 (2024): Lietuvos istorijos metraštis 2024 metai 2, pp. 7–39
Abstract
The aim of the article is to deepen the research on the inter-relations within the most influential families and their members in the eighteenth-century Grand Duchy of Lithuania by attempting to look at the relations between mothers and their children, particularly sons, through the prism of ego-documents: by examining the women’s letters written to the spouse, their mother-in-law, and children. The heroine of this article is Franciszka Urszula Radziwiłłowa z Wiśniowieckich, (1705–1753), the spouse of Michał Kazimierz ‘Rybeńko’ Radziwiłł, one of the most influential Lithuanian noblemen of the time. Her literary works and cultural activities have been extensively studied in Polish (less so in Lithuanian) historiography. These studies introduce Franciszka Urszula as a creator, a wealthy matron, and the wife of an influential nobleman. Yet in her letters to her husband, she reveals herself as a very sensitive and loving woman, full of anxiety
and concern for the well-being of her husband and children. The analysis of the duchess’s correspondence of 1734 to 1746 attempted to answer, among others, the following questions: what did the correspondence of the noblewoman reveal about family relations? How did she fulfil her role as a mother? How significantly was she engaged in the upbringing and education of her sons?
Journal:Lietuvos istorijos metraštis
Volume 2024, Issue 1 (2024): Lietuvos istorijos metraštis 2024 metai 1, pp. 143–165
Abstract
The article discusses the evolution of research of the second half of the twentieth century to the twenty-first century in Western Europe and the USA into the material culture of the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. It highlights the most characteristic stages in the development of the historiography on this topic and the most significant discussions. Attention is also paid to the research into material culture in Lithuania, because so far this topic has not received much attention from historians, although archaeologists and museologists have been working successfully in
Journal:Lietuvos istorijos metraštis
Volume 2024, Issue 1 (2024): Lietuvos istorijos metraštis 2024 metai 1, pp. 103–142
Abstract
The paper examines the impact of total land reclamation on the Soviet modernisation of agriculture and the countryside, analyses the political, economic, and social aspects of the Soviet reconstruction of the homestead settlement system, and attempts to assess the economic
effect of land reclamation and its impact on the countryside. The leadership of the Central Committee of the Lithuanian Communist Party managed to use the implementation of the all-Union large-scale land reclamation programme quite effectively for Lithuania’s economic interest, industrial development, and modernisation of the agricultural sector. The destruction of the farmstead settlement structure during total land reclamation accelerated the internal and social urbanisation of the countryside, which contributed to the formation of a homogeneous Soviet society and eliminated socio-cultural and material-lifestyle disparities between the city and the country. The radical
Soviet reconstruction (modernisation) of the countryside, which continued for over two decades, was mainly coercive, revolutionary, and therefore painful for the rural society; it deformed the evolutionary processes in the countryside.
Journal:Lietuvos istorijos metraštis
Volume 2024, Issue 1 (2024): Lietuvos istorijos metraštis 2024 metai 1, pp. 81–101
Abstract
The article aims to explains why, among all the non-dominant ethnic groups, the imperial authorities in the so-called Western region allowed the existence of only the Lithuanian educational society ‘Saulė’ [The Sun]. The argument is made that this was due to the recognition of Kaunas governorate as a Lithuanian ‘national territory’ on the Russian mental map, the lack of assimilation potential (from the point of view of the officials), the admission that the Lithuanians were ethnically-culturally detached from the ethnic Russians, as well as the efforts of the governor of Kaunas, Piotr Verevkin, to prevent the closure of this society. Part of the article is devoted to a discussion of Verevkin’s motives.