Based on a study on the Czechoslovak railways and spatial planning by the German historian Felix Konrad Jeschke, the article analyses analogous processes in the First Republic of Lithuania in several respects. On the basis of published and archival documents and historiography, the article examines the takeover of the Lithuanian railways after the First World War, the preparation and implementation of development projects during the years of statehood, and the impact of these processes on the consolidation of Lithuanian space.