Lietuvos istorijos institutas

Atsižvelgiant į istoriografijoje įsitvirtinusias nuomones apie 1388 m. Vytauto Didžiojo privilegijos Brastos žydams prototipus, privilegijos kilmę ir jos gavėjus, pateikiamas naujas požiūris ir interpretuojami anksčiau istoriografijoje kelti klausimai. Pasitelkus naujus šaltinius straipsnyje siekiama verifikuoti istoriografijoje įsitvirtinusias nuomones, permąstant jas ieškoma atsakymų į kelis pagrindinius išsikeltus klausimus: kas buvo Vytauto privilegijos žydams prototipas? Kas galėjo būti šios privilegijos gavėjai? Kiek ir ar privilegija buvo adaptuota Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės realijoms?

This article is dedicated to one of the most notable late baroque architects of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Giuseppe Fontana ( Józef III, 1716 – before 1773). Being of Italian blood, architect Giuseppe Fontana was actually born in Warsaw, the capital of the Commonwealth of Both Nations, leaving a clear footprint in the culture of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Unable to establish himself in Vilnius, he moved close to Vitebsk. His choice to live and work on the north-eastern outskirts of the Commonwealth of Both Nations could have been influenced by his contacts with the influential representatives of the ruling class of Vitebsk voivodeship and also by the finding of a free space, “non monopolized” by the architects, strategically convenient geographic location and the aggregation of financially capable customers of architecture. The story of the family of Giuseppe Fontana is outstanding in the general cultural context. After settling in the Commonwealth of Both Nations at the end of the seventeenth century they shaped a peculiar dynasty of architects, which already in the first part of the eighteenth century was fully assimilated and Polonized. The professional career of father Giuseppe Giacomo (Józef II, 1676–1739/41), brothers Giacomo (Jakub, 1710–1773) and Giovanni Canzio (Jan Kanty, 1731–1800) in Warsaw and status in the royal court, professional career of uncle Domenic (Dominik, ca. 1680 – before 1755) in Grodno, all their contacts with influential aristocrats, accumulated family wealth and earned offices aided in reaching significant valuation in society and climbing the social ladder. In 1768, the Fontana family for their merits to the King was granted the status of nobility along with all respective rights, duties and privileges of the estate. The article analyses professional achievements of the Fontana family, their valuation in society and change in social status in the general context of artists and artisans. It shows, how the situation of family members and aspirations to become part of the class of nobility affected personal and professional life of Giuseppe Fontana.